The Social Security Agreement between the Kingdom of Spain and the Dominican Republic was signed on 1 July 2004 and came into force on 1 July 2006. It was published in the Official State Gazette on 12 June 2006.

However, since 14 July 2020, the Dominican Republic has been applying the Multilateral Ibero-American Social Security Agreement (CMISS), and therefore, by virtue of Article 8, only the provisions of the Bilateral Convention that are more favourable to the person concerned will apply.